Meta-Biol

• Pathways

Interleukins are immunomodulatory proteins that elicit a wide array of responses in cells and tissues. Interleukin 1 family member 10 (IL1F10, IL 38) is a member of the IL1 family (Lin et al. 2001, Bensen et al. 2001). IL1F10 is selectively produced by human apoptotic cells (Mora et al. 2016) and human epidermal keratinocytes (based on mRNA studies) (Boutet M A et al. 2016). IL1F10 can bind to interleukin 1 receptor like 2 (IL1RL2) and may result in the suppression of IL 17 and IL 22 and induction of IL 6 production (van de Veerdonk et al. 2012, Mora et al. 2016). IL1F10 is synthesized as precursors that require N terminal processing to attain full receptor agonist or antagonist function (Mora et al. 2016). Both full length (1 – 152 amino acids) and N terminal truncated (20 – 152 amino acids) IL1F10 can bind Interleukin 1 receptor accessory protein like 1 (IL1RAPL1) (Mora et al. 2016). The binding affinity of truncated IL1F10 is much higher than that of the full length. However, binding of the full length or truncated forms has distinct outcomes; the former induces IL6 and the latter suppresses IL6 via JNK and AP1 signaling (Mora et al. 2016).

Cytokines are small proteins that regulate and mediate immunity, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. They are secreted in response to immune stimuli, and usually act briefly, locally, at very low concentrations. Cytokines bind to specific membrane receptors, which then signal the cell via second messengers, to regulate cellular activity.

Humans are exposed to millions of potential pathogens daily, through contact, ingestion, and inhalation. Our ability to avoid infection depends on the adaptive immune system and during the first critical hours and days of exposure to a new pathogen, our innate immune system.