Reaction: Activation of Calcineurin
- in pathway: Ca2+ pathway
Calcineurin (CaN), also called protein phosphatase 2B (PP2B), is a calcium/Calmodulin (CaM)-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase. It exists as a heterodimer consisting of CaM-binding catalytic subunit CaN A chain and a Ca+2 binding regulatory CaN B chain. At low calcium concentrations, CaN exists in an inactive state, where the autoinhibitory domain (AID) binds to the active-site cleft. Upon an increase in calcium concentration CaM binds to Ca+2 ions and gets activated. Active CaM binds to CaN regulatory domain (RD) and this causes release of the AID and activation of the phosphatase (Rumi-Masante et al. 2012). Binding of calcium to CaN B regulatory chain also causes a conformational change of the RD of CaN A chain (Yang & Klee 2000).
Reaction - small molecule participants:
Ca2+ [cytosol]
Ca2+ [cytosol]
Ca2+ [cytosol]
Reactome.org reaction link: R-HSA-2730872
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Reaction input - small molecules:
calcium(2+)
calcium(2+)
calcium(2+)
Reaction output - small molecules:
Reactome.org link: R-HSA-2730872