Reaction: Defective ST3GAL3 does not transfer SA to keratan
- in pathway: Defective ST3GAL3 causes MCT12 and EIEE15
CMP-N-acetylneuraminate-beta-1,4-galactoside alpha-2,3-sialyltransferase (ST3GAL3) mediates the transfer of sialic acid from CMP-sialic acid to galactose-containing glycoproteins and forms the sialyl Lewis, an epitope on proteins which are required for attaining and/or maintaining higher cognitive functions. Some defects in ST3GAL3 result in mental retardation, autosomal recessive 12 (MRT12; MIM:611090), a disorder characterised by below average general intellectual function and impaired adaptative behaviour. Another defect of ST3GAL3 can cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-15 (EIEE15: MIM:615006), resulting in severe mental retardation.
In two ST3GAL3 homozygous mutations causing MRT12, A13D and D370Y, most of the mutant protein was improperly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. This prevented the protein from interacting with its substrates in the Golgi, resulting in a loss of function and loss of the sialyl Lewis, an epitope important for higher cognative functions (Najmabadi et al. 2007, Hu et al. 2011). Another homozygous mutation, A320P, causing EIEE15, functional expression studies showed a 75% reduction in the secretion of the mutant protein and no detectable enzymatic activity (Edvardson et al. 2012). This mutation affects the highly conserved sialyl motif S, which is crucial for binding both donor and acceptor substrates.
In two ST3GAL3 homozygous mutations causing MRT12, A13D and D370Y, most of the mutant protein was improperly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. This prevented the protein from interacting with its substrates in the Golgi, resulting in a loss of function and loss of the sialyl Lewis, an epitope important for higher cognative functions (Najmabadi et al. 2007, Hu et al. 2011). Another homozygous mutation, A320P, causing EIEE15, functional expression studies showed a 75% reduction in the secretion of the mutant protein and no detectable enzymatic activity (Edvardson et al. 2012). This mutation affects the highly conserved sialyl motif S, which is crucial for binding both donor and acceptor substrates.
Reaction - small molecule participants:
CMP-Neu5Ac [Golgi lumen]
Reactome.org reaction link: R-HSA-3656258
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Reaction input - small molecules:
CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate(2-)
Reaction output - small molecules:
Reactome.org link: R-HSA-3656258