Pathway: RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known
Reactions in pathway: RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known :
RUNX1 interacts with co-factors whose precise effect on RUNX1 targets is not known
The transcriptional activity of the RUNX1:CBFB complex is regulated by interaction with co-factors and posttranslational modifications of RUNX1. Protein serine/threonine kinase HIPK2 can phosphorylate RUNX1 and affect transcriptional activity of the RUNX1:CBFB complex during hematopoiesis. Some CBFB mutations found in leukemia interfere with HIPK2-mediated phosphorylation of RUNX1. HIPK2 can simultaneously phosphorylate RUNX1 and EP300 (p300) bound to the RUNX1:CBFB1 complex (Aikawa et al. 2006, Wee et al. 2008).
The RUNX1:CBFB complex can associate with the polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1). PRC1 complexes are found at many RUNX1 target promoters and can act either as co-activators or co-repressors in the transactivation of RUNX1 targets (Yu et al. 2011).
RUNX1 recruits the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex to many RUNX1 target promoters by directly interacting with several SWI/SNF subunits (Bakshi et al. 2010).
Other co-factors of the RUNX1:CBFB complex are annotated in the context of transcriptional regulation of specific genes.
The RUNX1:CBFB complex can associate with the polycomb repressor complex 1 (PRC1). PRC1 complexes are found at many RUNX1 target promoters and can act either as co-activators or co-repressors in the transactivation of RUNX1 targets (Yu et al. 2011).
RUNX1 recruits the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex to many RUNX1 target promoters by directly interacting with several SWI/SNF subunits (Bakshi et al. 2010).
Other co-factors of the RUNX1:CBFB complex are annotated in the context of transcriptional regulation of specific genes.
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is the central enzyme that catalyses DNA- directed mRNA synthesis during the transcription of protein-coding genes. Pol II consists of a 10-subunit catalytic core, which alone is capable of elongating the RNA transcript, and a complex of two subunits, Rpb4/7, that is required for transcription initiation.
The transcription cycle is divided in three major phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. Transcription initiation include promoter DNA binding, DNA melting, and initial synthesis of short RNA transcripts. The transition from initiation to elongation, is referred to as promoter escape and leads to a stable elongation complex that is characterized by an open DNA region or transcription bubble. The bubble contains the DNA-RNA hybrid, a heteroduplex of eight to nine base pairs. The growing 3-end of the RNA is engaged with the polymerase complex active site. Ultimately transcription terminates and Pol II dissocitates from the template.
The transcription cycle is divided in three major phases: initiation, elongation, and termination. Transcription initiation include promoter DNA binding, DNA melting, and initial synthesis of short RNA transcripts. The transition from initiation to elongation, is referred to as promoter escape and leads to a stable elongation complex that is characterized by an open DNA region or transcription bubble. The bubble contains the DNA-RNA hybrid, a heteroduplex of eight to nine base pairs. The growing 3-end of the RNA is engaged with the polymerase complex active site. Ultimately transcription terminates and Pol II dissocitates from the template.
Gene expression encompasses transcription and translation and the regulation of these processes. RNA Polymerase I Transcription produces the large preribosomal RNA transcript (45S pre-rRNA) that is processed to yield 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, and 5.8S rRNA, accounting for about half the RNA in a cell. RNA Polymerase II transcription produces messenger RNAs (mRNA) as well as a subset of non-coding RNAs including many small nucleolar RNAs (snRNA) and microRNAs (miRNA). RNA Polymerase III Transcription produces transfer RNAs (tRNA), 5S RNA, 7SL RNA, and U6 snRNA. Transcription from mitochondrial promoters is performed by the mitochondrial RNA polymerase, POLRMT, to yield long transcripts from each DNA strand that are processed to yield 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, tRNAs, and a few RNAs encoding components of the electron transport chain. Regulation of gene expression can be divided into epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation, and post-transcription regulation (comprising translational efficiency and RNA stability). Epigenetic regulation of gene expression is the result of heritable chemical modifications to DNA and DNA-binding proteins such as histones. Epigenetic changes result in altered chromatin complexes that influence transcription. Gene Silencing by RNA mostly occurs post-transcriptionally but can also affect transcription. Small RNAs originating from the genome (miRNAs) or from exogenous RNA (siRNAs) are processed and transferred to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which interacts with complementary RNA to cause cleavage, translational inhibition, or transcriptional inhibition.